Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a group of chronic disorders that cause inflammation in the digestive tract. The two main types of IBD are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, each affecting different parts of the digestive system.

Types of IBD

1. Crohn’s Disease

• Can affect any part of the digestive tract

• Inflammation occurs in patches

• Can affect all layers of the bowel wall

2. Ulcerative Colitis

• Affects only the colon and rectum

• Continuous inflammation of the inner lining

• Limited to the innermost layer of the intestinal wall

Common Symptoms

• Abdominal pain and cramping

• Diarrhea

• Fatigue

• Unintended weight loss

• Blood in stool

• Reduced appetite

Diagnosis Methods

• Blood tests

• Stool analysis

• Colonoscopy

• Endoscopy

• Imaging studies (CT scan, MRI)

• Tissue biopsy

Treatment Options

1. Medications

• Anti-inflammatory drugs

• Immunosuppressants

• Biologics

• Antibiotics when necessary

2. Dietary Management

• Identifying trigger foods

• Balanced nutrition

• Supplementation when needed

3. Surgery (when required)

• Removal of damaged portions of digestive tract

• Treatment of complications

• Repair of fistulas

Lifestyle Management

• Stress reduction techniques

• Regular exercise as tolerated

• Adequate rest and sleep

• Smoking cessation

• Regular medical follow-up

Complications

• Intestinal obstruction

• Malnutrition

• Colon cancer risk

• Joint inflammation

• Skin problems

• Eye inflammation